Legal and References


The most important point from us - Go and see your GP.  Content on the Integriti Women’s Health Web Site is not a substitute for independent professional advice from your qualified health care professional.     

Website Disclaimer


This Web Site, together with and including all Content thereon, wherever from or however derived and including all Content on the Integriti Women’s Health Web Site (the “Web Site”) is not a substitute for independent professional advice from your qualified health care professional. 


The following information sets out the conditions of use, general disclaimer, and copyright conditions of the Web Site. All information on the Web Site is intended to be of a general nature and for information purposes only. By accessing, viewing, or using the Web Site you: 


  • acknowledge that you will not rely on any of its contents, but will treat the information as being only of a general and informational nature; and 
  • otherwise acknowledge, accept and agree to abide by these terms and conditions. Integriti GP Specialist Clinics Pty Ltd, the operator of the Web Site, business partners and their respective employees, officers, agents and contractors (“Integriti Women’s Health”) reviews all content provided by it but makes no representation nor warranty that all content or information is complete, up-to-date or appropriate. 


Content and associated interactions contained in this Web Site are not intended to be used to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease or for therapeutic purposes. No person should act in reliance on any statement contained in the content provided and at all times should obtain specific advice from a qualified health care professional. 


Integriti GP Specialist Clinics Pty Ltd does not accept any liability for any injury, loss or damage incurred by use of or in reliance on the content provided through the Web Site whether arising from negligence or otherwise.


Integriti GP Specialist Clinics Pty Ltd makes every effort to contact copyright holders of photographs, illustrations, images, and Content. If a work in copyright has been inadvertently included, Integriti GP Specialist Clinics Pty Ltd apologises to those concerned. Should the copyright holder prefer that the work not be made available on the Web Site, please contact Integriti GP Specialist Clinics Pty Ltd in writing and the Web Site will be amended. This Web Site displays photographs and images that are posed by models and in no way does Integriti GP Specialist Clinics Pty Ltd or its affiliates suggest that the people portrayed in those images are linked to any disease or condition. 


Integriti Clinic Bespoke Women's Health


References


Menopause


  • Menopause by Dr Jacqueline Payne, https://patient.info/womens-health/menopause
  • Menopause: diagnosis and management; NICE Guidelines (November 2015)
  • Panay N et al; British Menopause Society & Women’s Heath Concern recommendations on hormone replacement therapy, May 2013
  • Langer RD; The evidence base for HRT: what can we believe? Climacteric. 2017 Apr20(2):91-96. doi: 10.1080/13697137.2017.1280251. Epub 2017 Mar 10.
  • Kaunitz AM, Manson JE; Management of Menopausal Symptoms. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Oct126 (4):859-76. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001058.
  • No authors listed; Nonhormonal management of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms: 2015 position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2015 Nov22 (11):1155-74. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000546.
  • Contraception for Women Aged over 40 Years; Faculty of Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare (August 2017)


 Adenomyosis


  • Naftalin J, Hoo W, Pateman K, Mavrelos D, Foo X, Jurkovic D. Is adenomyosis associated with menorrhagia? Hum Reprod. 2014;29(3):473-9.
  • Pinzauti S, Lazzeri L, Tosti C, Centini G, Orlandini C, Luisi S, et al. Adenomyosis by transvaginal ultrasonographic features in nulligravid women without endometriosis aged 18-30 years: correlation with symptoms. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2015.
  • Curtis KM, Hillis SD, Marchbanks PA, Peterson HB. Disruption of the endometrial-myometrial border during pregnancy as a risk factor for adenomyosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;187(3):543-4.
  • Vercellini P, Consonni D, Dridi D, Bracco B, Frattaruolo MP, Somigliana E. Uterine adenomyosis and in vitro fertilization outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2014;29(5):964-77.
  • Vercellini P, Consonni D, Barbara G, Buggio L, Frattaruolo MP, Somigliana E. Adenomyosis and reproductive performance after surgery for rectovaginal and colorectal endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online. 2014;28(6):704-13.
  • Kissler S, Zangos S, Wiegratz I, Kohl J, Rody A, Gaetje R, et al. Utero-tubal sperm transport and its impairment in endometriosis and adenomyosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1101:38-48.
  • Thalluri V, Tremellen KP. Ultrasound diagnosed adenomyosis has a negative impact on successful implantation following GnRH antagonist IVF treatment. Hum Reprod. 2012;27(12):3487-92.
  • Bergholt T, Eriksen L, Berendt N, Jacobsen M, Hertz JB. Prevalence and risk factors of adenomyosis at hysterectomy. Human Reproduction. 2001;16(11):2418-21.
  • Vercellini P, Parazzini F, Oldani S, Panazza S, Bramante T, Crosignani PG. Adenomyosis at hysterectomy: a study on frequency distribution and patient characteristics. Hum Reprod. 1995;10(5):1160-2.
  • Di Donato N, Montanari G, Benfenati A, Leonardi D, Bertoldo V, Monti G, et al. Prevalence of adenomyosis in women undergoing surgery for endometriosis. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Biology. 2014;181:289-93.
  • Yeniel O, Cirpan T, Ulukus M, Ozbal A, Gundem G, Ozsener S, et al. Adenomyosis: prevalence, risk factors, symptoms and clinical findings. Clinical & Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2007;34(3):163-7.
  • Templeman C, Marshall SF, Ursin G, Horn-Ross PL, Clarke CA, Allen M, et al. Adenomyosis and endometriosis in the California Teachers Study. Fertility & Sterility. 2008;90(2):415-24.
  • Van den Bosch T, Dueholm M, Leone FP, Valentin L, Rasmussen CK, Votino A, et al. Terms, definitions and measurements to describe sonographic features of myometrium and uterine masses: a consensus opinion from the Morphological Uterus Sonographic Assessment (MUSA) group. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2015;46(3):284-98.
  • Taran FA, Weaver AL, Coddington CC, Stewart EA. Understanding adenomyosis: a case control study. Fertil Steril. 2010;94(4):1223-8.
  • Vavilis D, Agorastos T, Tzafetas J, Loufopoulos A, Vakiani M, Constantinidis T, et al. Adenomyosis at hysterectomy: prevalence and relationship to operative findings and reproductive and menstrual factors. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 1997;24(1):36-8.
  • Ozdegirmenci O, Kayikcioglu F, Akgul MA, Kaplan M, Karcaaltincaba M, Haberal A, et al. Comparison of levonorgestrel intrauterine system versus hysterectomy on efficacy and quality of life in patients with adenomyosis. Fertility & Sterility. 2011;95(2):497-502.
  • Sheng J, Zhang WY, Zhang JP, Lu D. The LNG-IUS study on adenomyosis: a 3-year follow-up study on the efficacy and side effects of the use of levonorgestrel intrauterine system for the treatment of dysmenorrhea associated with adenomyosis. Contraception. 2009;79(3):189-93. 
  • Badawy AM, Elnashar AM, Mosbah AA. Aromatase inhibitors or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for the management of uterine adenomyosis: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2012;91(4):489-95.  
  • Fawzy M, Mesbah Y. Comparison of dienogest versus triptorelin acetate in premenopausal women with adenomyosis: a prospective clinical trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2015;292(6):1267-71.
  • Ota H, Maki M, Shidara Y, Kodama H, Takahashi H, Hayakawa M, et al. Effects of danazol at the immunologic level in patients with adenomyosis, with special reference to autoantibodies: a multi-center cooperative study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;167(2):481-6.
  • Takebayashi T, Fujino Y, Umesaki N, Ogita S. Danazol suspension injected into the uterine cervix of patients with adenomyosis and myoma. Preliminary study. Gynecologic & Obstetric Investigation. 1995;39(3):207-11.
  • Zhang P, Song K, Li L, Yukuwa K, Kong B. Efficacy of combined levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog for the treatment of adenomyosis. Medical Principles & Practice. 2013;22(5):480-3.
  • Juang CM, Chou P, Yen MS, Twu NF, Horng HC, Hsu WL. Adenomyosis and risk of preterm delivery. BJOG. 2007;114(2):165-9.
  • Otsubo Y, Nishida M, Arai Y, Ichikawa R, Taneichi A, Sakanaka M. Association of uterine wall thickness with pregnancy outcome following uterine-sparing surgery for diffuse uterine adenomyosis. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;56(1):88-91.


Bone Screening:


  • Access Economics Pty Ltd, Prepared for Osteoporosis Australia. The Burden of Brittle Bones: Costing Osteoporosis in Australia. 1-36. 2001
  • https://www.nof.org/ (National Osteoporosis Foundation)
  • https://www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/bone-health/management-treatment

Bowel screening


  • Understanding Bowel Cancer, Cancer Council Australia © 2019. Last medical review of source booklet: January 2019.
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. ACIM (Australian Cancer Incidence and Mortality) Books. Canberra: AIHW.
  • https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-information/types-of-cancer/bowel-cancer
  • Understanding Bowel Cancer Booklet - cancer.org.au

Cystitis


  • O'Kane DB, Dave SK, Gore N, et al; Urinary alkalisation for symptomatic uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Apr 194:CD010745. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010745.pub2.
  • Dr Jacqueline Payne, Reviewed by Dr Hannah Gronow | Last edited 3 Sep 2018 | https://patient.info/womens-health/lower-urinary-tract-symptoms-in-women-luts/cystitis-in-women
  • Urinary tract infection (lower) - women; NICE CKS, July 2015 (UK access only)
  • www.jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/bladder-bowel/urinary-tract-infections-utis
  • Dason S, Dason JT, Kapoor A; Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of recurrent urinary tract infection in women. Can Urol Assoc J. 2011 Oct5(5):316-22. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.11214.

Endometriosis


  • Berlanda N, Somigliana E, Viganò P, Vercellini P. Safety of medical treatments for endometriosis. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2016 Jan;15(1):21–30.
  • Muzii L, Di Tucci C, Achilli C, Di Donato V, Musella A, Palaia I et al. Continuous versus cyclic oral contraceptives after laparoscopic excision of ovarian endometriomas: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J of Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Feb;214(2):203–11.
  • Tafi E, Leone Roberti Maggiore U, Alessandri F, Bogliolo S, Gardella B, Vellone VG et al. Advances in pharmacotherapy for treating endometriosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2015;16(16):2465–83.
  • Somigliana E, Vercellini P, Vigano P, Benaglia L, Busnelli A, Fedele L. Postoperative medical therapy after surgical treatment of endometriosis: from adjuvant therapy to tertiary prevention. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2014;21(3):328–34.
  • Dunselman GA, Vermeulen N, Becker C, Calhaz-Jorge C, D'Hooghe T, De Bie B et al. ESHRE guidelines: management of women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod. 2014;29(3):400–12.
  • de Sanctis V, Matalliotakis M, Soliman AT, Elsefdy H, Di Maio S, Fiscina B. A focus on the distinctions and current evidence of endometriosis in adolescents. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2018;51:138–50.
  • jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/endometriosis/management-treatment

Fibroids


  • Fibroids; NICE CKS, June 2017
  • Uterine artery embolisation for fibroids; NICE Interventional Procedures Guidance, November 2010
  • Magnetic resonance image-guided transcutaneous focused ultrasound for uterine fibroids; NICE Interventional Procedures Guidance, November 2011
  • Donnez J, Tomaszewski J, Vazquez F, et al; Ulipristal acetate versus leuprolide acetate for uterine fibroids. N Engl J Med. 2012 Feb 2366(5):421-32. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1103180.
  • Lethaby A, Puscasiu L, Vollenhoven B; Preoperative medical therapy before surgery for uterine fibroids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Nov 1511:CD000547. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000547.pub2.
  • Murji A, Whitaker L, Chow TL, et al; Selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs) for uterine fibroids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Apr 264:CD010770. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010770.pub2.
  • Gupta JK, Sinha A, Lumsden MA, et al; Uterine artery embolization for symptomatic uterine fibroids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Dec 2612:CD005073. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005073.pub4.
  • Heavy menstrual bleeding - assessment and management; NICE Clinical Guideline (August 2016)
  • Zimmermann A, Bernuit D, Gerlinger C, et al; Prevalence, symptoms and management of uterine fibroids: an international internet-based survey of 21,746 women. BMC Womens Health. 2012 Mar 2612:6. doi: 10.1186/1472-6874-12-6.


Incontinence


  • Reddy, J., & Paraiso, M.F.R. (2010). Primary Stress Urinary Incontinence: What to Do and Why. Reviews in Obstetrics & Gynecology; 3(4): 150–155.
  • Stewart, W.F., et al. (2003). Prevalence and Burden of Overactive Bladder in the United States. World Journal of Urology; 20(6): 327–336.
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2016). Urinary Incontinence (PDF, 84 KB).(link is external)
  • Altman, D., Granath, F., Cnattingius, S., & Falconer, C. (2007). Hysterectomy and Risk of Stress-Urinary-Incontinence Surgery: Nationwide Cohort Study.(link is external) Lancet; 370(9597): 1494–1499.
  • Gleason, J.L., Richter, H.E., Redden, D.T., Goode, P.S., Burgio, K.L., & Markland, A.D. (2013). Caffeine and Urinary Incontinence in Women. International Urogynecology Journal; 24(2): 295–302.
  • Sangsawang, B., & Sangsawang, N. (2013). Stress Urinary Incontinence in Pregnant Women: A Review of Prevalence, Pathophysiology, and Treatment. International Urogynecology Journal; 24(6): 901–912.
  • Kim, D.K., & Chancellor, M.B. (2006). Is Estrogen for Urinary Incontinence Good or Bad? Reviews in Urology; 8(2): 91–92.
  • Health Resources and Services Administration, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2012). Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Adult Women: Diagnosis and Comparative Effectiveness (PDF, 12.9 MB). Comparative Effectiveness Review; 36.
  • U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2017). Kegel exercises – self-care.
  • Institute of Medicine. (2004). Dietary References Intakes: Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate(link is external).
  • Rosinger, A. and Herrick, K. (2016). Daily water intake among U.S. men and women, 2009–2012. National Center for Health Statistics Data Brief; 242.
  • https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/urinary-incontinence#:

Periods Guidance


  • Dr Colin Tidy, https://patient.info/womens-health/periods-and-period-problems
  • Heavy menstrual bleeding - assessment and management; NICE Clinical Guideline (August 2016)
  • Management of Premenstrual Syndrome; Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (2016)
  • Nevatte T, O'Brien PM, Backstrom T, et al; ISPMD consensus on the management of premenstrual disorders. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2013 Aug16(4):279-91. doi: 10.1007/s00737-013-0346-y. Epub 2013 Apr 27.
  • Amenorrhoea; NICE CKS, July 2014
  • Dysmenorrhoea; NICE CKS, May 2014
  • Menorrhagia; NICE CKS, June 2017
  • Fibroids; NICE CKS, June 2017
  • Singh SS, Belland L; Contemporary management of uterine fibroids: focus on emerging medical treatments. Curr Med Res Opin. 2015 Jan31(1):1-12. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2014.982246. Epub 2014 Nov 12.
  • Orozco LJ, Tristan M, Vreugdenhil MM, et al; Hysterectomy versus hysterectomy plus oophorectomy for premenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jul 28(7):CD005638.
  • Brito LG, Pouwels NS, Einarsson JI; Sexual function after hysterectomy and myomectomy. Surg Technol Int. 2014 Nov25:191-3.
  • Dr Mary Harding, Reviewed by Dr Helen Huins | Last edited 24 Feb 2016 https://patient.info/doctor/menorrhagia
  • Heavy menstrual bleeding – assessment and management; NICE Clinical Guideline (August 2016) 
  • Pitkin J; Dysfunctional uterine bleeding. BMJ. 2007 May 26334(7603):1110-1.
  • Heavy menstrual bleeding; NICE Clinical Guideline (January 2007)
  • Lukes AS, Baker J, Eder S, et al; Daily menstrual blood loss and quality of life in women with heavy menstrual bleeding. Womens Health (Lond Engl). 2012 Sep8(5):503-11. doi: 10.2217/whe.12.36.
  • Lethaby A, Hussain M, Rishworth JR, et al; Progesterone or progestogen-releasing intrauterine systems for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Apr 304:CD002126. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002126.pub3.
  • Middleton LJ, Champaneria R, Daniels JP, et al; Hysterectomy, endometrial destruction, and levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) for heavy menstrual bleeding: systematic review and meta-analysis of data from individual patients. BMJ. 2010 Aug 16341:c3929. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c3929.
  • Endometrial cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up; European Society for Medical Oncology (2013)
  • Heavy menstrual bleeding: assessment and management; NICE Guideline (March 2018)
  • Gupta J, Kai J, Middleton L, et al; Levonorgestrel intrauterine system versus medical therapy for menorrhagia. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jan 10368(2):128-37. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1204724.
  • Lethaby A, Duckitt K, Farquhar C; Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jan 311:CD000400. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000400.pub3.
  • Naoulou B, Tsai MC; Efficacy of tranexamic acid in the treatment of idiopathic and non-functional heavy menstrual bleeding: a systematic review. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2012 May91(5):529-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2012.01361.x. Epub 2012 Feb 24.
  • Farquhar C, Brown J; Oral contraceptive pill for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Oct 7(4):CD000154. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000154.pub2.
  • Lethaby A, Irvine G, Cameron I; Cyclical progestogens for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jan 23(1):CD001016.
  • Hickey M, Higham JM, Fraser I; Progestogens with or without oestrogen for irregular uterine bleeding associated with anovulation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Sep 129:CD001895. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001895.pub3.
  • Tan YH, Lethaby A; Pre-operative endometrial thinning agents before endometrial destruction for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Nov 1511:CD010241. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010241.pub2.
  • Marjoribanks J, Lethaby A, Farquhar C; Surgery versus medical therapy for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jan 291:CD003855. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003855.pub3.
  • Fergusson RJ, Lethaby A, Shepperd S, et al; Endometrial resection and ablation versus hysterectomy for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Nov 2911:CD000329. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000329.pub2
  • Dr Mary Harding, Reviewed by Prof Cathy Jackson https://patient.info/womens-health/periods-and-period-problems/period-pain-dysmenorrhoea
  • Marjoribanks J, Ayeleke RO, Farquhar C, et al; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for dysmenorrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jul 30(7):CD001751. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001751.pub3.
  • Pattanittum P, Kunyanone N, Brown J, et al; Dietary supplements for dysmenorrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Mar 223:CD002124. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002124.pub2.
  • Smith CA, Armour M, Zhu X, et al; Acupuncture for dysmenorrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Apr 184:CD007854. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007854.pub3
  • Dr Mary Harding, https://patient.info/womens-health/periods-and-period-problems/missed-periods)
  • Klein DA, Poth MA; Amenorrhea: an approach to diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2013 Jun 187(11):781-8.
  • Sullivan SD, Sarrel PM, Nelson LM; Hormone replacement therapy in young women with primary ovarian insufficiency and early menopause. Fertil Steril. 2016 Dec106(7):1588-1599. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.09.046.
  • Palmert MR, Dunkel L; Clinical practice. Delayed puberty. N Engl J Med. 2012 Feb 2366(5):443-53. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1109290.
  • Long-term Consequences of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (November 2014)



PCOS


  • Long-term Consequences of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (November 2014)
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome; NICE CKS. February 2013
  • Hirsutism; NICE CKS, December 2014
  • Roos N, Kieler H, Sahlin L, et al; Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2011 Oct 13343:d6309. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d6309.
  • Teede H, Deeks A, Moran L; Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan. BMC Med. 2010 Jun 308:41. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-41.
  • Fertility - Assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems; NICE Guidance (February 2013, updated Aug 2016)
  • Tang T, Lord JM, Norman RJ, et al; Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 May 165:CD003053. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003053.pub5.
  • Marsh KA, Steinbeck KS, Atkinson FS, et al; Effect of a low glycemic index compared with a conventional healthy diet on polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jul92(1):83-92. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29261. Epub 2010 May 19.
  • https://patient.info/womens-health/polycystic-ovary-syndrome-leaflet


Prolapse


  • Jelovsek JE, Chagin K, Lukacz ES, et al; NICHD Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. Models for predicting recurrence, complications, and health status in women after pelvic organ prolapse surgery. Obstet Gynecol 2018;132:298-309.
  • Hagen S, Stark D; Conservative prevention and management of pelvic organ prolapse in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Dec 7(12):CD003882. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003882.pub4.
  • Sacrocolpopexy using mesh to repair vaginal vault prolapse; NICE Interventional procedure guidance, June 2017
  • Uterine suspension using mesh (including sacrohysteropexy) to repair uterine prolapse; NICE Interventional procedure guidance, June 2017
  • Hagen S, Stark D, Glazener C, et al; Individualised pelvic floor muscle training in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POPPY): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2013 Nov 27. pii: S0140-6736(13)61977-7. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61977-7.
  • Maher C, Feiner B, Baessler K, et al; Surgery for women with anterior compartment prolapse. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Nov 3011:CD004014.
  • Post-Hysterectomy Vaginal Vault Prolapse; Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (July 2015)
  • Ismail SI, Bain C, Hagen S; Oestrogens for treatment or prevention of pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Sep 8(9):CD007063. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007063.pub2.
  • Bugge C, Adams EJ, Gopinath D, et al; Pessaries (mechanical devices) for pelvic organ prolapse in women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Feb 282:CD004010. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004010.pub3.

Sexual Health


  • Dr Laurence Knott, Reviewed by Dr John Cox | Last edited 16 Oct 2017 https://patient.info/sexual-health/sexually-transmitted-infections-leaflet
  • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): surveillance, data, screening and management; Public Health England, 2016
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections in Primary Care; Royal College of General Practitioners and British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (Apr 2013)
  • National guideline for the management of chancroid; British Association of Sexual Health and HIV (2014)
  • Towards elimination of HIV transmission, AIDS and HIV-related deaths in the UK; Public Health England (November 2017)

Vulvar/Vaginal and Vaginismus


  • jeanhailes.org.au/health-a-z/vulva-vagina-ovaries-uterus/vulva-vaginal-irritation
  • The Management of Vulval Skin Disorders; Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (February 2011)
  • Reyes MC, Cooper K; An update on vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: terminology and a practical approach to diagnosis. J Clin Pathol. 2014 Apr67(4):290-4. doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-202117. Epub 2014 Jan 7
  • patient.info/womens-health/vulval-problems-leaflet
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections in Primary Care; Royal College of General Practitioners and British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (Apr 2013)
  • Candida - female genital; NICE CKS, November 2016
  • Martin Lopez JE; Candidiasis (vulvovaginal). BMJ Clin Evid. 2015 Mar 162015. pii: 0815.
  • British National Formulary (BNF); NICE Evidence Services (UK access only)
  • Abad CL, Safdar N; The role of lactobacillus probiotics in the treatment or prevention of urogenital infections - a systematic review. J Chemother. 2009 Jun21(3):243-52.
  • Fischer G, Bradford J; Vulvovaginal candidiasis in postmenopausal women: the role of hormone replacement therapy. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2011 Oct15(4):263-7. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0b013e3182241f1a.



Integriti Clinic Bespoke Women's Health


No decision about you, without you.

Contact Us

New Patient Questionaire

New Patient Questionairre

Website Links

Contact Us

2021 © All Rights Reserved. Website by Cloud Concepts

Disclaimer - Please Read.